Smart agriculture, driven by the growing trend of digitization, serves as a crucial element in the green transition towards sustainable food systems. This paper investigates how the integration of contemporary digital technologies – including the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), drones, satellite monitoring, and blockchain – facilitates the shift from conventional production models to practices that are environmentally, economically, and socially sustainable. By reviewing pertinent literature, the primary advantages of digitized agriculture are highlighted: enhanced resource efficiency, decreased greenhouse gas emissions, increased yields, and improved access to green finance and markets. The paper also underscores the implementation challenges faced in rural regions, such as elevated costs, digital illiteracy, insufficient infrastructure, and data security concerns. In conclusion, it is asserted that smart agriculture, as a product of digitization and the green transition, holds the promise to transform the agricultural sector’s role in sustainable development, contingent upon the backing of suitable policies, investments, and educational initiatives.